英语 热门试卷

                                B

    Everyone smiles in the same language. But not everyone smiles in the same medium, and that might be hurting us.

    That’s according to a new study from researches at the University of Haifa and Ben-Gurion University, both in Israel, and the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Inadvertently timed to the recent release of “The Emoji Movie,” scientists decided to study whether using smile emojis in text messages between work colleagues caused the same warm feelings as a face-to-face interaction that includes a smile.

    The results? For the first time, science was able to confirm that a smile emoji does not conjure those same feelings. Quite the opposite, in face: using a smile emoji in conversation actually decreases perception of the colleague’s competence and inserts a level of distance into the relationship.

    It’s a phenomenon study leader Arik Cheshin dubbed “virtual first-impression management.” He and his colleagues, including co-leader Ella Glikson, conducted several experiments analyzing the reactions to text messages that included smile emojis versus messages that don’t. They also measured these same interactions in social settings and found that the emojis actually improved perception.

    “I believe there is a greater gap in what the sender is hoping to convey and what the receiver interprets,” Cheshin, a professor, said, “This intention-interpretation gap can be damaging.”

    In addition, Cheshin and colleagues found that the effects of smiley use on social perceptions occur regardless of the expresser’s perceived gender.

    So what’s the takeaway here “I don’t think that emoticons and emojis replace actual emotion.” Cheshin told us. “They are just different. The emotions are there and will always be when there are humans involved.”

    Before picking an emoji that fits your mood at the moment, it’s better to just use words at least when you’re at work. Or, better yet, just show up and talk face-to-face. You know, like the good old days.

According to Cheshin, the emojis senders may not know     .

                                A

New Sciencenter Featured Exhibition: Ocean Bound!

Opening weekend

Member Preview: Friday, February 3,6-8pm

Public Opening: Saturday, February 4,10am-5pm

    Start a journey through watersheds to see how everyone’s actions affect the health of our ocean. Enjoy interacting with 3D watershed models, piloting a full-size submersible from mountain stream to ocean, guiding water safely through a hazardous maze, diverting pollutants as they travel through storm-water drains, playing with early education exhibits inside a clubhouse, and many more engaging interactive exhibits.

Showtime! Plant and Animal Double-Takes

Saturday, January 21,2pm

    Have you ever looked at a living thing and wondered, Is that a plant or an animal? Join Sciencenter educators Julie Yurek and Sarah Cox to look into species that make you take a second look. Explore the surprising differences between these plants and animals.

Showtime! Solar Power Goes Nano

Saturday, February 11,2pm

    Did you know scientists are using nanotechnology to store solar energy? Learn about solar power and the emerging use of hydrogen fuel cells. Justin Sambur, NSF Postdoctoral Research Associate at Cornell’s Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, will demonstrate a model race car that uses a hydrogen fuel cell kit powered by solar energy.

Special Showtime! Presentation: Animal Adaptations for Winter

Wednesday, February 22,1pm

    Have you ever wondered how animals survive in winter? Join Emma Brofsky of Cornell’s Naturalist Outreach Program to explore animal adaptations for winter and learn how biology helps animals cope with cold weather, food shortages, and limited habitats. Touch animal pelts and do a hands on activity on animal insulation.

Who will introduce the ability of animals’ survival?

                                C

    Reyna Gordon was an aspiring opera singer fresh out of college when she began considering the questions that would eventually define her career.

    “I moved to Italy when I finished my bachelor of music, and I started to take more linguistic classes and to think about language in the brain, and music in the brain,” she says. “What was happening in our brains when we were listening to music, when we were singing? What was happening in my brain when I was singing?”

    Today, Gordon studies how rhythm and music training might help children with atypical language development.

    “One thing that rhythm and grammar have in common is that they both unfold over time, and our brains form expectancies about what’s coming up based on what we just heard,” says Gordon.

    Consider the following sentence: The boy read the book that his mother gave to him. “When we hear ‘The boy read,’ then we’re expecting an object after that,” Gordon says. “Then when we hear ’The boy read the book? that we’re expecting an additional clause-something else about the book.’”

    By age 5, Gordon says children typically understand and use complex sentences. But studies have shown that about 7 percent of children have what’s known as developmental language disorder, which prevents their language skills even though they have IQs in the normal range and don’t have autism or hearing impairment. Gordon says. “So expressing complex ideas, especially as they start to go through school, is difficult.”

    Gordon studies children with and without language impairment in a training program called MILEStone, which involves weekly Suzuki violin lessons and a weekly movement class.

    “There may be something that music training can do to help boost things. Maybe we’re able to boost their auditory processing skills in the brain, or something about their rhythm sensitivity in their everyday listening to language,” Gordon says. “We don’t know yet, so we actually have a whole series of questions to look at.”

What did the questions that Reyna considered reflect?

                                A

New Sciencenter Featured Exhibition: Ocean Bound!

Opening weekend

Member Preview: Friday, February 3,6-8pm

Public Opening: Saturday, February 4,10am-5pm

    Start a journey through watersheds to see how everyone’s actions affect the health of our ocean. Enjoy interacting with 3D watershed models, piloting a full-size submersible from mountain stream to ocean, guiding water safely through a hazardous maze, diverting pollutants as they travel through storm-water drains, playing with early education exhibits inside a clubhouse, and many more engaging interactive exhibits.

Showtime! Plant and Animal Double-Takes

Saturday, January 21,2pm

    Have you ever looked at a living thing and wondered, Is that a plant or an animal? Join Sciencenter educators Julie Yurek and Sarah Cox to look into species that make you take a second look. Explore the surprising differences between these plants and animals.

Showtime! Solar Power Goes Nano

Saturday, February 11,2pm

    Did you know scientists are using nanotechnology to store solar energy? Learn about solar power and the emerging use of hydrogen fuel cells. Justin Sambur, NSF Postdoctoral Research Associate at Cornell’s Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, will demonstrate a model race car that uses a hydrogen fuel cell kit powered by solar energy.

Special Showtime! Presentation: Animal Adaptations for Winter

Wednesday, February 22,1pm

    Have you ever wondered how animals survive in winter? Join Emma Brofsky of Cornell’s Naturalist Outreach Program to explore animal adaptations for winter and learn how biology helps animals cope with cold weather, food shortages, and limited habitats. Touch animal pelts and do a hands on activity on animal insulation.

When can you learn about ocean species?

                                B

    Everyone smiles in the same language. But not everyone smiles in the same medium, and that might be hurting us.

    That’s according to a new study from researches at the University of Haifa and Ben-Gurion University, both in Israel, and the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Inadvertently timed to the recent release of “The Emoji Movie,” scientists decided to study whether using smile emojis in text messages between work colleagues caused the same warm feelings as a face-to-face interaction that includes a smile.

    The results? For the first time, science was able to confirm that a smile emoji does not conjure those same feelings. Quite the opposite, in face: using a smile emoji in conversation actually decreases perception of the colleague’s competence and inserts a level of distance into the relationship.

    It’s a phenomenon study leader Arik Cheshin dubbed “virtual first-impression management.” He and his colleagues, including co-leader Ella Glikson, conducted several experiments analyzing the reactions to text messages that included smile emojis versus messages that don’t. They also measured these same interactions in social settings and found that the emojis actually improved perception.

    “I believe there is a greater gap in what the sender is hoping to convey and what the receiver interprets,” Cheshin, a professor, said, “This intention-interpretation gap can be damaging.”

    In addition, Cheshin and colleagues found that the effects of smiley use on social perceptions occur regardless of the expresser’s perceived gender.

    So what’s the takeaway here “I don’t think that emoticons and emojis replace actual emotion.” Cheshin told us. “They are just different. The emotions are there and will always be when there are humans involved.”

    Before picking an emoji that fits your mood at the moment, it’s better to just use words at least when you’re at work. Or, better yet, just show up and talk face-to-face. You know, like the good old days.

What is found in the study by Arik?

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

    阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

                                A

New Sciencenter Featured Exhibition: Ocean Bound!

Opening weekend

Member Preview: Friday, February 3,6-8pm

Public Opening: Saturday, February 4,10am-5pm

    Start a journey through watersheds to see how everyone’s actions affect the health of our ocean. Enjoy interacting with 3D watershed models, piloting a full-size submersible from mountain stream to ocean, guiding water safely through a hazardous maze, diverting pollutants as they travel through storm-water drains, playing with early education exhibits inside a clubhouse, and many more engaging interactive exhibits.

Showtime! Plant and Animal Double-Takes

Saturday, January 21,2pm

    Have you ever looked at a living thing and wondered, Is that a plant or an animal? Join Sciencenter educators Julie Yurek and Sarah Cox to look into species that make you take a second look. Explore the surprising differences between these plants and animals.

Showtime! Solar Power Goes Nano

Saturday, February 11,2pm

    Did you know scientists are using nanotechnology to store solar energy? Learn about solar power and the emerging use of hydrogen fuel cells. Justin Sambur, NSF Postdoctoral Research Associate at Cornell’s Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, will demonstrate a model race car that uses a hydrogen fuel cell kit powered by solar energy.

Special Showtime! Presentation: Animal Adaptations for Winter

Wednesday, February 22,1pm

    Have you ever wondered how animals survive in winter? Join Emma Brofsky of Cornell’s Naturalist Outreach Program to explore animal adaptations for winter and learn how biology helps animals cope with cold weather, food shortages, and limited habitats. Touch animal pelts and do a hands on activity on animal insulation.

What does Ocean Bound focus on?

                                B

    Everyone smiles in the same language. But not everyone smiles in the same medium, and that might be hurting us.

    That’s according to a new study from researches at the University of Haifa and Ben-Gurion University, both in Israel, and the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Inadvertently timed to the recent release of “The Emoji Movie,” scientists decided to study whether using smile emojis in text messages between work colleagues caused the same warm feelings as a face-to-face interaction that includes a smile.

    The results? For the first time, science was able to confirm that a smile emoji does not conjure those same feelings. Quite the opposite, in face: using a smile emoji in conversation actually decreases perception of the colleague’s competence and inserts a level of distance into the relationship.

    It’s a phenomenon study leader Arik Cheshin dubbed “virtual first-impression management.” He and his colleagues, including co-leader Ella Glikson, conducted several experiments analyzing the reactions to text messages that included smile emojis versus messages that don’t. They also measured these same interactions in social settings and found that the emojis actually improved perception.

    “I believe there is a greater gap in what the sender is hoping to convey and what the receiver interprets,” Cheshin, a professor, said, “This intention-interpretation gap can be damaging.”

    In addition, Cheshin and colleagues found that the effects of smiley use on social perceptions occur regardless of the expresser’s perceived gender.

    So what’s the takeaway here “I don’t think that emoticons and emojis replace actual emotion.” Cheshin told us. “They are just different. The emotions are there and will always be when there are humans involved.”

    Before picking an emoji that fits your mood at the moment, it’s better to just use words at least when you’re at work. Or, better yet, just show up and talk face-to-face. You know, like the good old days.

What is the writer’s attitude towards emojis at work?

                                B

    Everyone smiles in the same language. But not everyone smiles in the same medium, and that might be hurting us.

    That’s according to a new study from researches at the University of Haifa and Ben-Gurion University, both in Israel, and the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Inadvertently timed to the recent release of “The Emoji Movie,” scientists decided to study whether using smile emojis in text messages between work colleagues caused the same warm feelings as a face-to-face interaction that includes a smile.

    The results? For the first time, science was able to confirm that a smile emoji does not conjure those same feelings. Quite the opposite, in face: using a smile emoji in conversation actually decreases perception of the colleague’s competence and inserts a level of distance into the relationship.

    It’s a phenomenon study leader Arik Cheshin dubbed “virtual first-impression management.” He and his colleagues, including co-leader Ella Glikson, conducted several experiments analyzing the reactions to text messages that included smile emojis versus messages that don’t. They also measured these same interactions in social settings and found that the emojis actually improved perception.

    “I believe there is a greater gap in what the sender is hoping to convey and what the receiver interprets,” Cheshin, a professor, said, “This intention-interpretation gap can be damaging.”

    In addition, Cheshin and colleagues found that the effects of smiley use on social perceptions occur regardless of the expresser’s perceived gender.

    So what’s the takeaway here “I don’t think that emoticons and emojis replace actual emotion.” Cheshin told us. “They are just different. The emotions are there and will always be when there are humans involved.”

    Before picking an emoji that fits your mood at the moment, it’s better to just use words at least when you’re at work. Or, better yet, just show up and talk face-to-face. You know, like the good old days.

What is the best title for the text?

                                C

    Reyna Gordon was an aspiring opera singer fresh out of college when she began considering the questions that would eventually define her career.

    “I moved to Italy when I finished my bachelor of music, and I started to take more linguistic classes and to think about language in the brain, and music in the brain,” she says. “What was happening in our brains when we were listening to music, when we were singing? What was happening in my brain when I was singing?”

    Today, Gordon studies how rhythm and music training might help children with atypical language development.

    “One thing that rhythm and grammar have in common is that they both unfold over time, and our brains form expectancies about what’s coming up based on what we just heard,” says Gordon.

    Consider the following sentence: The boy read the book that his mother gave to him. “When we hear ‘The boy read,’ then we’re expecting an object after that,” Gordon says. “Then when we hear ’The boy read the book? that we’re expecting an additional clause-something else about the book.’”

    By age 5, Gordon says children typically understand and use complex sentences. But studies have shown that about 7 percent of children have what’s known as developmental language disorder, which prevents their language skills even though they have IQs in the normal range and don’t have autism or hearing impairment. Gordon says. “So expressing complex ideas, especially as they start to go through school, is difficult.”

    Gordon studies children with and without language impairment in a training program called MILEStone, which involves weekly Suzuki violin lessons and a weekly movement class.

    “There may be something that music training can do to help boost things. Maybe we’re able to boost their auditory processing skills in the brain, or something about their rhythm sensitivity in their everyday listening to language,” Gordon says. “We don’t know yet, so we actually have a whole series of questions to look at.”

What do children with developmental language disorder have?

                                C

    Reyna Gordon was an aspiring opera singer fresh out of college when she began considering the questions that would eventually define her career.

    “I moved to Italy when I finished my bachelor of music, and I started to take more linguistic classes and to think about language in the brain, and music in the brain,” she says. “What was happening in our brains when we were listening to music, when we were singing? What was happening in my brain when I was singing?”

    Today, Gordon studies how rhythm and music training might help children with atypical language development.

    “One thing that rhythm and grammar have in common is that they both unfold over time, and our brains form expectancies about what’s coming up based on what we just heard,” says Gordon.

    Consider the following sentence: The boy read the book that his mother gave to him. “When we hear ‘The boy read,’ then we’re expecting an object after that,” Gordon says. “Then when we hear ’The boy read the book? that we’re expecting an additional clause-something else about the book.’”

    By age 5, Gordon says children typically understand and use complex sentences. But studies have shown that about 7 percent of children have what’s known as developmental language disorder, which prevents their language skills even though they have IQs in the normal range and don’t have autism or hearing impairment. Gordon says. “So expressing complex ideas, especially as they start to go through school, is difficult.”

    Gordon studies children with and without language impairment in a training program called MILEStone, which involves weekly Suzuki violin lessons and a weekly movement class.

    “There may be something that music training can do to help boost things. Maybe we’re able to boost their auditory processing skills in the brain, or something about their rhythm sensitivity in their everyday listening to language,” Gordon says. “We don’t know yet, so we actually have a whole series of questions to look at.”

How does Gordon find children with good rhythm skills?

                                D

    Machines might one day replace human laborers in a number of professions, but surely they won’t ever replace human artists. Right?

    Think again. Not even our artists will be safe from the inevitable machine takeover, if a new development in artificial intelligence by a team of researchers from Rutgers University and Facebook's A.I. lab offers a clue of what's to come. They have designed an A.I. capable of not only producing art, but actually inventing whole new aesthetic styles similar to movements like impressionism or abstract expressionism, reports. The idea, according to researcher Marian Mazzone, was to make art that is "novel, but not too novel."

    The model used in this project involved a generator network, which produces the images, and a discriminator network, which "judges" whether it's art. Once the generator learns how to produce work that the distributor recognizes as art, it's given an additional directive: to produce art that doesn't match any known aesthetic styles.

    "You want to have something really creative and striking-but at the same time not go too far and make something that isn't aesthetically(美学地) pleasing," explained Ahmed Elgammal.

    The art that was generated by the system was then presented to human judges alongside human-produced art without showing which was which. To the researchers' surprise, the machine-made art scored slightly higher overall than the human-produced art.

    Of course, machines can't yet replace the meaning that's infused in works by human artists, but this project shows that artist skill sets certainly seem duplicatable by machines.

    What will it take for machines to produce content that's infused with meaning? That might be the last A.I. frontier. Human artists can at least hang their hats in that field...for now.

    "Imagine having people over for a dinner party and they ask, ‘Who is that by?’ And you say, ‘Well, it's a machine actually’. That would be an interesting conversation starter," said Kevin Walker.

What is implied in the first paragraph?

                                D

    Machines might one day replace human laborers in a number of professions, but surely they won’t ever replace human artists. Right?

    Think again. Not even our artists will be safe from the inevitable machine takeover, if a new development in artificial intelligence by a team of researchers from Rutgers University and Facebook's A.I. lab offers a clue of what's to come. They have designed an A.I. capable of not only producing art, but actually inventing whole new aesthetic styles similar to movements like impressionism or abstract expressionism, reports. The idea, according to researcher Marian Mazzone, was to make art that is "novel, but not too novel."

    The model used in this project involved a generator network, which produces the images, and a discriminator network, which "judges" whether it's art. Once the generator learns how to produce work that the distributor recognizes as art, it's given an additional directive: to produce art that doesn't match any known aesthetic styles.

    "You want to have something really creative and striking-but at the same time not go too far and make something that isn't aesthetically(美学地) pleasing," explained Ahmed Elgammal.

    The art that was generated by the system was then presented to human judges alongside human-produced art without showing which was which. To the researchers' surprise, the machine-made art scored slightly higher overall than the human-produced art.

    Of course, machines can't yet replace the meaning that's infused in works by human artists, but this project shows that artist skill sets certainly seem duplicatable by machines.

    What will it take for machines to produce content that's infused with meaning? That might be the last A.I. frontier. Human artists can at least hang their hats in that field...for now.

    "Imagine having people over for a dinner party and they ask, ‘Who is that by?’ And you say, ‘Well, it's a machine actually’. That would be an interesting conversation starter," said Kevin Walker.

What did Marian find in his study?

                                D

    Machines might one day replace human laborers in a number of professions, but surely they won’t ever replace human artists. Right?

    Think again. Not even our artists will be safe from the inevitable machine takeover, if a new development in artificial intelligence by a team of researchers from Rutgers University and Facebook's A.I. lab offers a clue of what's to come. They have designed an A.I. capable of not only producing art, but actually inventing whole new aesthetic styles similar to movements like impressionism or abstract expressionism, reports. The idea, according to researcher Marian Mazzone, was to make art that is "novel, but not too novel."

    The model used in this project involved a generator network, which produces the images, and a discriminator network, which "judges" whether it's art. Once the generator learns how to produce work that the distributor recognizes as art, it's given an additional directive: to produce art that doesn't match any known aesthetic styles.

    "You want to have something really creative and striking-but at the same time not go too far and make something that isn't aesthetically(美学地) pleasing," explained Ahmed Elgammal.

    The art that was generated by the system was then presented to human judges alongside human-produced art without showing which was which. To the researchers' surprise, the machine-made art scored slightly higher overall than the human-produced art.

    Of course, machines can't yet replace the meaning that's infused in works by human artists, but this project shows that artist skill sets certainly seem duplicatable by machines.

    What will it take for machines to produce content that's infused with meaning? That might be the last A.I. frontier. Human artists can at least hang their hats in that field...for now.

    "Imagine having people over for a dinner party and they ask, ‘Who is that by?’ And you say, ‘Well, it's a machine actually’. That would be an interesting conversation starter," said Kevin Walker.

What Kevin said in the last paragraph tells us that     .

                                C

    Reyna Gordon was an aspiring opera singer fresh out of college when she began considering the questions that would eventually define her career.

    “I moved to Italy when I finished my bachelor of music, and I started to take more linguistic classes and to think about language in the brain, and music in the brain,” she says. “What was happening in our brains when we were listening to music, when we were singing? What was happening in my brain when I was singing?”

    Today, Gordon studies how rhythm and music training might help children with atypical language development.

    “One thing that rhythm and grammar have in common is that they both unfold over time, and our brains form expectancies about what’s coming up based on what we just heard,” says Gordon.

    Consider the following sentence: The boy read the book that his mother gave to him. “When we hear ‘The boy read,’ then we’re expecting an object after that,” Gordon says. “Then when we hear ’The boy read the book? that we’re expecting an additional clause-something else about the book.’”

    By age 5, Gordon says children typically understand and use complex sentences. But studies have shown that about 7 percent of children have what’s known as developmental language disorder, which prevents their language skills even though they have IQs in the normal range and don’t have autism or hearing impairment. Gordon says. “So expressing complex ideas, especially as they start to go through school, is difficult.”

    Gordon studies children with and without language impairment in a training program called MILEStone, which involves weekly Suzuki violin lessons and a weekly movement class.

    “There may be something that music training can do to help boost things. Maybe we’re able to boost their auditory processing skills in the brain, or something about their rhythm sensitivity in their everyday listening to language,” Gordon says. “We don’t know yet, so we actually have a whole series of questions to look at.”

How was the role of MILEStone according to the last paragraph?