- 混合物和纯净物
- 共16题
1.物质在下列应用中,利用了其还原性的是
正确答案
解析
A.纯碱水解碱性的应用;
B. 利用铝的金属活动性还原(冶炼)一些难熔金属,是铝的还原性应用的典型一例,故选B;
C. 硝酸制炸药如硝化纤维、三硝基基本等应用的是硝酸的酸性和氧化性;
D. 漂粉精漂白织物是利用的其水解产生的次氯酸的氧化性。
考查方向
解题思路
紧紧抓住物质的还原性。
易错点
B、C、D等选项中的主体物质颠倒。
知识点
5.下列有关说法正确的是( )
正确答案
解析
A选项加入Cu(NO3)2生产Cu形成原电池同时引入NO3-形成HNO3溶液,金属先与HNO3反应得不到H2 ,故A错;
B选项该反应正反应为放热反应,升温平衡逆向移动,故H2转化率降低,B错;
C选项根据判据ΔG=ΔH-TΔS<0反应自发进行,ΔH>0,故ΔS>0,C错;
D选项加NaCl生成白色沉淀AgCl,后加少量Na2S转化为Ag2S黑色沉淀,说明Ag2S更难溶,c(Ag+)减小,故D正确。
考查方向
解题思路
①电化学腐蚀速率大于化学腐蚀速率,金属与HNO3反应得不到氢气。
②温度升高化学平衡向吸热反应方向移动。
③当ΔG=ΔH-TΔS<0时,该反应能自发,反之则非自发。
④黑色沉淀Ag2S比白色AgCl更难溶。
易错点
不了解原电池原理的应用,不熟悉温度对化学平衡的影响,不知道反应自发性的判断依据,及沉淀之间转化原理。
知识点
2.汽车尾气含氮氧化物(NOX)、碳氢化合物(CXHY)、碳等,直接排放容易造成“雾霾”。因此,不少汽车都安装尾气净化装置(净化处理过程如图)。下列有关叙述,错误的是( )
正确答案
解析
A.汽油未充分燃烧,空气中含有可吸入颗粒物,可造成“雾霾”,故A正确;B.NOX生成氮气,N元素化合价降低,被还原,故B正确;C.催化剂只能改变反应速率,不能改变平衡移动,所以不能提高尾气平衡转化率,故C错误;D.氢氧燃料电池产物为水,不污染环境,故D正确.
考查方向
解题思路
A.汽油未充分燃烧,空气中含有可吸入颗粒物;B.NOX被还原生成氮气;C.催化剂只能改变反应速率,不能改变平衡移动;D.氢氧燃料电池产物为水,不污染环境.
易错点
氧化还原反应、外界条件对速率和平衡的影响
知识点
2.下列物质分类正确的是( )
正确答案
解析
解析已在路上飞奔,马上就到!
知识点
Dogs are often【C1】______man’s best friend. For those who are blind, a dog is【C2】______than a friendly company. A dog is a pair of sharp eyes. A【C3】______dog guide gives blind people the【C4】______to move through the world safely and freely. A dog guide is also a best friend. 【C5】______a working team of a dog and a person is not easy. There are no factories making thousands of dog guides a day. There are however, schools all【C6】______the country that train both blind people and the dogs they depend upon. The process of education is long for both the dog and its human partner. A dog begins schooling as puppy. Around age of 8 weeks, the puppy is placed with a faster family. There it【C7】______training and gets used to【C8】______around people. When a dog is about a year old, it goes off to school for a series of tests. These tests help the school【C9】______whether the dog is likely to make a good guide. Dogs that fail the tests are placed in permanent homes. 【C10】______that pass the tests go into a training【C11】______ For the next four-to-six months, the dog learns everything【C12】______needs to become a dog 【C13】______The dog learns to stay focused. It learns to ignore food, smell and other animals. It learns to remain【C14】______by such noises such【C15】______shouting or music from a passing car radio. It learns to【C16】______commands like "right", " left" or " forward ". The dog learns to stop before every curb and stairway and to【C17】______moving objects. In short, good dog guides learn to keep their【C18】______safe while they go about the everyday actions of life. A dog that【C19】______completed training will be【C20】______a master.【C10】
A.They
B.These
C.Who
D.Those
正确答案
D
解析
解析:分析句子结构可知,此处缺主语,that引导定语从句,故本题选D。
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