英语 热门试卷

C

Researchers recently found that hackers took control of 300,000 home routers (路由器). Once your home router has been controlled, hackers could redirect your network to malicious websites controlled by hi-tech thieves who could then steal your online back details and other sensitive data. However, there are some simple steps you can take to protect your router.

Say no to 12345 passwords

First, never leave your router open without a password and make sure you change both your Wi-Fi and router login password from the default one it comes with. If you use the default password , this could give someone access to the router setup, which could allow them to change your router settings, including viewing any security keys.

Don't broadcast it

Make sure you don't show up in other people's wireless network scans. Know your network name so you can easily enter it into any devices you want to access that network. Other people do not need to know your network name. To prevent outsiders from seeing your network's name and attempting to join your wireless network, turn off broadcasting in your router's settings.

Invite only please

One way you can ensure no one else joins your network without your permission is to enable your router to only allow certain devices to connect, and ban all others. To do that you can filter by media access control addresses.

Turn it off

This is a simple piece of advice that can go a very long way in keeping you safe. Simply turn off your router when you're not using your network. If you're at work all day and no one's home, why keep it running?

Build a firewall

The firewall built into your router prevents hackers on the internet from getting access to your PC so it's always worth enabling it to help add an extra layer of security. However, it does nothing to stop people in range of your Wi-Fi signal from getting onto your network – and as said, a router in the wrong place means your Wi-Fi signal could reach pretty far. For further protection, you should run software firewalls on the individual PCs on your networks.

When we’re little, we know nothing about the rights and responsibilities of adulthood.  36  .Thus,   if we like a certain toy or if we want to eat a certain type of chocolate, we think that our parents will have to buy that for us. We don’t care that they possibly have not enough money for that. If they don’t carry out our wish, we’ll begin to cry.  37  . Whenever we begin to cry, we’ll get what we want.

Still, little by little, we realize that our parents can’t offer us all that we want for certain reasons. We then also understand that parents have their rights. They have the right to scold us when we do something wrong or when they find out that we have lied to them.  38  . They choose our clothes, the food we eat, the school we’ll study at, the hours when we should go out to play and the time we have to return home.

 39  .They are the ones to be blamed later if we don’t receive proper education. That’s why when we beat a classmate at the kindergarten, parents are the ones to apologize for our deeds in front of the teacher and the classmate’s parents. And when we get ill, they are responsible for not taking good care of us and for dressing us inadequately.

The moment we become teenagers, we notice that we should be responsible for our behaviors in society. Now we have the right to be independent.  40  . It is supposed that we are mature enough to solve our problems and to make people around trust us. For some of us, this is a difficult test to pass, but it is the best method to see if we are capable of taking our place in society.

A

With my hands and knees on the floor of the airplane, I was searching for an old lady’s missing hearing aid during the flight from Sydney to Los Angeles. It occurred to me that this may not be the most dignified posture for a Buddhist nun（修女）.

I had seen the old lady from the seat in front of me as she walked up and down the passage with a flashlight. I asked a few times what was wrong, but she didn’t answer at first —– she couldn’t hear me. She was wearing a woolen coat. Judging from her accent, she came from Eastern Europe.

Do you know what hearing aids cost? Thousands, especially for the new tiny hidden-in-the-ear type she described. It takes a long time for an appointment to make new one and many doctor visits to get the thing adjusted right. Therefore, my dignity seemed less important than finding that hearing aid. But how does one find a tiny black object in a shadowy jet cabin ?

The lady wasn’t even sure where or when she had lost it. At one point, a couple of flight attendants did a random search around the lady’s seat; I wasn’t impressed. They left suggesting that she search the seat of her previous flight! My flashlight turned up all kinds of small objects, bits of plastic, broken pieces of headphones. The old lady said that she gave up. Yet I couldn’t. After we landed, as passengers streamed past us, I insisted that the lady move aside while awaiting her wheelchair. Then I got into a real down and dirty search among the dust under her seat and on the floor.

Look! A little peanut-sized shiny black object caught the light of my flashlight in a floor crack near her seat. What a rush. “I found it!” With great astonishment and gratitude, the old lady responded, “I haven’t the words to express my thanks!”

B

At five o’clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them they’re done.

These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows on that clock-based work schedules hinder (阻碍) creativity.

Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: a meeting from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m., research from 10 a.m. to noon, etc. On the other hand, task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.

What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar and Anne, they had participants organize different activities—from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga—by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under “clock time” vs. “task time”. They found clock-timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives. Task-timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.

The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in the business culture. Smart companies, they believes will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies. This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity. It'll make the tasks easier, and the task-doers will be happier.

D

The term "smog" was first used in London during the early 1900's to describe the combination of smoke and fog. What we typically call “smog” today is a mixture of pollutants but is primarily made up of ground-level ozone (臭氧) .

Ozone can be beneficial or harmful depending on where it stays. The ozone staying high above the earth protects human health and the environment, but ground-level ozone is responsible for the choking, coughing, and painful eyes associated with smog. The ozone in smog also prevents plants growth and can cause widespread damage to crops and forest.

Major smog occurrences often are linked to heavy motor vehicle traffic, high temperatures, sunshine, and calm winds. Weather and geography affect the position and severity of smog. Because temperature regulates the length of time it takes for smog to form, smog can form faster and be more severe on a hot and sunny day. When warm air stays near the ground instead of rising and winds are calm, smog may stay trapped over your city for days. As traffic and other sources add more pollutants to the air, the smog gets worse. Smog is often more severe away from the pollution sources because the chemical reactions that cause smog occur in the atmosphere while the reacting chemicals are being moved by the wind.

Smog is a visible example of air pollution. You can look into the distance during the day to see how much smog there is in the air. In addition, most cities measure the concentrations of pollutants in the air and report the results to the public.

Environmental Protection Agency sets national standards for pollutants. Areas that fail to meet the standards for at least one air pollutant are called “nonattainment areas”. New measures are being taken by local governments across the country to reduce air pollution in nonattainment areas, including banning charcoal barbecues and wood burning in stoves or fireplaces when pollution levels are high; developing programs to encourage carpooling and voluntary "ozone actions" ; limiting traffic in overcrowded areas expanding or improving public transportation systems; requiring employers to contribute to employee public transportation costs; assessing “smog fees” on cars according to the number of miles driven and vehicle emissions (排放) produced; and even buying and breaking up older “super-dirty” cars.

Last Saturday, tornadoes  61   (strike) some parts of the southern U.S. state of Texas, causing substantial damage and eight  62   (death).

Severe thunderstorms,  63  （include）unusual winter tornadoes, left damages stretching over a 64-km-long area across the city of Dallas in  64   northern part of Texas. Vehicles  65   (destroy) or turned upside down,  66   churches damaged, trees toppled and debris（残骸）across neighborhoods. The tornadoes resulted in power  67   (fail) across northern Texas. It’s not known  68   power supply can be restored. In the meanwhile, the American National Weather Service has warned that a snowstorm  69   (accompany) by uncertain temperatures will leave up to 40 cm of snow in west Texas and much of the New Mexico state  70   Sunday evening.