英语 热门试卷

                                A

        "Shoeless" children are more likely to get to school earlier. leave later and read more. according to a new research by Bournemouth University.

        According to The Telegraph .researchers have observed tens of thousands of children who leave their shoes outside the classroom and found that pupils are more engaged in their lessons. which in turn leads to better academic performance. The research is in line with policies introduced in schools in England where children who go to class shoeless -following the steps of schools in Scandinavia in an effort to improve their academic standards and behavior.

        The study is based on observing and studying tens of thousands of children in over 100 schools in around 25 countries over the last ten years. For decades children in northern Europe have learned with their shoes off because they are left at the school door arrival due to snow.ice or mud.

        And now academics are calling on teachers in England to apply similar "shoeless" policies to give children the best possible chance of performing in their exams. Experts believe having children with no shoes in the classroom improves their learning because it makes them "feel at home" and more relaxed when learning.

        Professor Stephen Heppell. who leads the research at Bournemouth University, said: "Children are much more willing to sit on the floor and relax if they have no shoes on. The last place a child would sit to read is an upright chair and we've found that 95 percent of them actually don't read on a chair at home. When they go on holidays they read lying down. Having conditions in the classroom that are like those at home means that more boys are reading in the classroom. Children also arrive earlier and leave later. which translates into half an hour of extra learning a day on average.”

        Wearing no shoes also means the cleaning bill decreased by 27 percent and schools need to spend less money on furniture because they don't need to buy a chair and a table for every child as they can sit on the floor.

What can we conclude from Professor Heppell's words in Paragraph 5?

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

    阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

                                A

        "Shoeless" children are more likely to get to school earlier. leave later and read more. according to a new research by Bournemouth University.

        According to The Telegraph .researchers have observed tens of thousands of children who leave their shoes outside the classroom and found that pupils are more engaged in their lessons. which in turn leads to better academic performance. The research is in line with policies introduced in schools in England where children who go to class shoeless -following the steps of schools in Scandinavia in an effort to improve their academic standards and behavior.

        The study is based on observing and studying tens of thousands of children in over 100 schools in around 25 countries over the last ten years. For decades children in northern Europe have learned with their shoes off because they are left at the school door arrival due to snow.ice or mud.

        And now academics are calling on teachers in England to apply similar "shoeless" policies to give children the best possible chance of performing in their exams. Experts believe having children with no shoes in the classroom improves their learning because it makes them "feel at home" and more relaxed when learning.

        Professor Stephen Heppell. who leads the research at Bournemouth University, said: "Children are much more willing to sit on the floor and relax if they have no shoes on. The last place a child would sit to read is an upright chair and we've found that 95 percent of them actually don't read on a chair at home. When they go on holidays they read lying down. Having conditions in the classroom that are like those at home means that more boys are reading in the classroom. Children also arrive earlier and leave later. which translates into half an hour of extra learning a day on average.”

        Wearing no shoes also means the cleaning bill decreased by 27 percent and schools need to spend less money on furniture because they don't need to buy a chair and a table for every child as they can sit on the floor.

In the classroom. shoeless kids were found to be more              .

                                A

        "Shoeless" children are more likely to get to school earlier. leave later and read more. according to a new research by Bournemouth University.

        According to The Telegraph .researchers have observed tens of thousands of children who leave their shoes outside the classroom and found that pupils are more engaged in their lessons. which in turn leads to better academic performance. The research is in line with policies introduced in schools in England where children who go to class shoeless -following the steps of schools in Scandinavia in an effort to improve their academic standards and behavior.

        The study is based on observing and studying tens of thousands of children in over 100 schools in around 25 countries over the last ten years. For decades children in northern Europe have learned with their shoes off because they are left at the school door arrival due to snow.ice or mud.

        And now academics are calling on teachers in England to apply similar "shoeless" policies to give children the best possible chance of performing in their exams. Experts believe having children with no shoes in the classroom improves their learning because it makes them "feel at home" and more relaxed when learning.

        Professor Stephen Heppell. who leads the research at Bournemouth University, said: "Children are much more willing to sit on the floor and relax if they have no shoes on. The last place a child would sit to read is an upright chair and we've found that 95 percent of them actually don't read on a chair at home. When they go on holidays they read lying down. Having conditions in the classroom that are like those at home means that more boys are reading in the classroom. Children also arrive earlier and leave later. which translates into half an hour of extra learning a day on average.”

        Wearing no shoes also means the cleaning bill decreased by 27 percent and schools need to spend less money on furniture because they don't need to buy a chair and a table for every child as they can sit on the floor.

Why do children in northern Europe go to class shoeless?

                                A

        "Shoeless" children are more likely to get to school earlier. leave later and read more. according to a new research by Bournemouth University.

        According to The Telegraph .researchers have observed tens of thousands of children who leave their shoes outside the classroom and found that pupils are more engaged in their lessons. which in turn leads to better academic performance. The research is in line with policies introduced in schools in England where children who go to class shoeless -following the steps of schools in Scandinavia in an effort to improve their academic standards and behavior.

        The study is based on observing and studying tens of thousands of children in over 100 schools in around 25 countries over the last ten years. For decades children in northern Europe have learned with their shoes off because they are left at the school door arrival due to snow.ice or mud.

        And now academics are calling on teachers in England to apply similar "shoeless" policies to give children the best possible chance of performing in their exams. Experts believe having children with no shoes in the classroom improves their learning because it makes them "feel at home" and more relaxed when learning.

        Professor Stephen Heppell. who leads the research at Bournemouth University, said: "Children are much more willing to sit on the floor and relax if they have no shoes on. The last place a child would sit to read is an upright chair and we've found that 95 percent of them actually don't read on a chair at home. When they go on holidays they read lying down. Having conditions in the classroom that are like those at home means that more boys are reading in the classroom. Children also arrive earlier and leave later. which translates into half an hour of extra learning a day on average.”

        Wearing no shoes also means the cleaning bill decreased by 27 percent and schools need to spend less money on furniture because they don't need to buy a chair and a table for every child as they can sit on the floor.

What could he the best title for the text?

                                B

        I was talking with a friend not long ago who mentioned he was taking his children to Paris for the summer vacation, and the only thing I could think of was how grateful I was that my father never did that for me. Our vacations were spent 50 miles south of our home in Indiana, at Lane’s Camping Retreat.

        The campground had two lakes: one for fishing, the other for swimming. The swimming lake had a diving board about 300 feet high, and every year some kid made his way to the end of the board and then froze with fear. We’d run to the camp store and fetch Mr. Lane, who would walk down to the lake and yell at the kid to jump. But he never would. So Mr. Lane would climb the ladder, throw the kid over his shoulder, and climb back down.

        One year, our dad bought a tractor inner tube, which amazed us---we had begged him for years for something to float on, and he had resisted, saying it would cause wild excitement and we would drown. Then, unexpectedly, he bought the tube, which lasted several minutes before it broke and sank while my brother was on it. He would have drowned, except he was five feet tall and the water was only three feet deep, so he just stood up and walked to shore.

        After supper, we would sleep with the tent windows rolled up and Dad telling ghost stories. The raccoons（浣熊）would come out from the woods and move around the campfire, eating the spilled（散落的）pie filling.

        “What’s that?” Dad would ask. “Someone’s out there. Can you hear them?”

        We would pull our sleeping bags over our heads and dream of serial killers, then awaken to the sound of birdsong.

        Though I have never been to Paris, I can’t for the life of me consider myself deprived（被剥夺的）.

What happened when the author’s brother floated on the water?

                                B

        I was talking with a friend not long ago who mentioned he was taking his children to Paris for the summer vacation, and the only thing I could think of was how grateful I was that my father never did that for me. Our vacations were spent 50 miles south of our home in Indiana, at Lane’s Camping Retreat.

        The campground had two lakes: one for fishing, the other for swimming. The swimming lake had a diving board about 300 feet high, and every year some kid made his way to the end of the board and then froze with fear. We’d run to the camp store and fetch Mr. Lane, who would walk down to the lake and yell at the kid to jump. But he never would. So Mr. Lane would climb the ladder, throw the kid over his shoulder, and climb back down.

        One year, our dad bought a tractor inner tube, which amazed us---we had begged him for years for something to float on, and he had resisted, saying it would cause wild excitement and we would drown. Then, unexpectedly, he bought the tube, which lasted several minutes before it broke and sank while my brother was on it. He would have drowned, except he was five feet tall and the water was only three feet deep, so he just stood up and walked to shore.

        After supper, we would sleep with the tent windows rolled up and Dad telling ghost stories. The raccoons（浣熊）would come out from the woods and move around the campfire, eating the spilled（散落的）pie filling.

        “What’s that?” Dad would ask. “Someone’s out there. Can you hear them?”

        We would pull our sleeping bags over our heads and dream of serial killers, then awaken to the sound of birdsong.

        Though I have never been to Paris, I can’t for the life of me consider myself deprived（被剥夺的）.

How did the author feel about his friend’s summer trip?

                                B

        I was talking with a friend not long ago who mentioned he was taking his children to Paris for the summer vacation, and the only thing I could think of was how grateful I was that my father never did that for me. Our vacations were spent 50 miles south of our home in Indiana, at Lane’s Camping Retreat.

        The campground had two lakes: one for fishing, the other for swimming. The swimming lake had a diving board about 300 feet high, and every year some kid made his way to the end of the board and then froze with fear. We’d run to the camp store and fetch Mr. Lane, who would walk down to the lake and yell at the kid to jump. But he never would. So Mr. Lane would climb the ladder, throw the kid over his shoulder, and climb back down.

        One year, our dad bought a tractor inner tube, which amazed us---we had begged him for years for something to float on, and he had resisted, saying it would cause wild excitement and we would drown. Then, unexpectedly, he bought the tube, which lasted several minutes before it broke and sank while my brother was on it. He would have drowned, except he was five feet tall and the water was only three feet deep, so he just stood up and walked to shore.

        After supper, we would sleep with the tent windows rolled up and Dad telling ghost stories. The raccoons（浣熊）would come out from the woods and move around the campfire, eating the spilled（散落的）pie filling.

        “What’s that?” Dad would ask. “Someone’s out there. Can you hear them?”

        We would pull our sleeping bags over our heads and dream of serial killers, then awaken to the sound of birdsong.

        Though I have never been to Paris, I can’t for the life of me consider myself deprived（被剥夺的）.

For what reason did the kids pull their sleeping bags over their heads?

                                B

        I was talking with a friend not long ago who mentioned he was taking his children to Paris for the summer vacation, and the only thing I could think of was how grateful I was that my father never did that for me. Our vacations were spent 50 miles south of our home in Indiana, at Lane’s Camping Retreat.

        The campground had two lakes: one for fishing, the other for swimming. The swimming lake had a diving board about 300 feet high, and every year some kid made his way to the end of the board and then froze with fear. We’d run to the camp store and fetch Mr. Lane, who would walk down to the lake and yell at the kid to jump. But he never would. So Mr. Lane would climb the ladder, throw the kid over his shoulder, and climb back down.

        One year, our dad bought a tractor inner tube, which amazed us---we had begged him for years for something to float on, and he had resisted, saying it would cause wild excitement and we would drown. Then, unexpectedly, he bought the tube, which lasted several minutes before it broke and sank while my brother was on it. He would have drowned, except he was five feet tall and the water was only three feet deep, so he just stood up and walked to shore.

        After supper, we would sleep with the tent windows rolled up and Dad telling ghost stories. The raccoons（浣熊）would come out from the woods and move around the campfire, eating the spilled（散落的）pie filling.

        “What’s that?” Dad would ask. “Someone’s out there. Can you hear them?”

        We would pull our sleeping bags over our heads and dream of serial killers, then awaken to the sound of birdsong.

        Though I have never been to Paris, I can’t for the life of me consider myself deprived（被剥夺的）.

Why did Mr. Lane come to the swimming lake?

                                C

        Prosocial behaviors are those intended to help other people. Behaviors that can be described as prosocial include feeling empathy(同感) and concern for others and behaving in ways to help or benefit other people.

        Prosocial behavior has long posed a challenge to social scientists seeking to understand why people engage in helping behaviors that are beneficial to others, but costly to the individual performing the action. Why would people do something that benefits someone else but offers no immediate benefit to the doer?

        Psychologists suggest that there are a number of reasons why people engage in prosocial behavior. In many cases, such behaviors are fostered during childhood and adolescence as adults encourage children to share, act kindly, and help others. Prosocial behaviors are often seen as being compelled by a number of factors including egoistic reasons (doing things to improve one's self-image), reciprocal benefits (doing something nice for someone so that they may one day return the favor), and more altruistic reasons (performing actions purely out of empathy for another individual).

        Characteristics of the situation can also have a powerful impact on whether or not people engage in prosocial actions. The bystander effect is one of the most notable examples of how the situation can impact helping behaviors. The bystander effect refers to the tendency for people to become less likely to assist a person in distress when there are a number of other people also present. For example, if you drop your purse and several items fall out on the ground, the likelihood that someone will stop and help you decreases if there are many other people present. This same sort of thing can happen in cases where someone is in serious danger, such as when someone is involved in a car accident. In some cases, witnesses might assume that since there are so many other people present, someone else will have surely already called for help.

        Why do people help in some situations but not in others? Experts have discovered a number of different situational variables that contribute to (and sometimes interfere with) prosocial behaviors. First, the more people that are present decreases the amount of personal responsibility people feel in a situation. People also tend to look to others for how to respond in such situations, particularly if the event contains some level of ambiguity. Fear of being judged by other members of the group also plays a role. People sometimes fear leaping to assistance, only to discover that their help was unwanted or unwarranted. In order to avoid being judged by other bystanders, people simply take no action.

        Experts have suggested that some key things must happen in order for a person to take action.

Which situation can be described as the bystander effect?

                                C

        Prosocial behaviors are those intended to help other people. Behaviors that can be described as prosocial include feeling empathy(同感) and concern for others and behaving in ways to help or benefit other people.

        Prosocial behavior has long posed a challenge to social scientists seeking to understand why people engage in helping behaviors that are beneficial to others, but costly to the individual performing the action. Why would people do something that benefits someone else but offers no immediate benefit to the doer?

        Psychologists suggest that there are a number of reasons why people engage in prosocial behavior. In many cases, such behaviors are fostered during childhood and adolescence as adults encourage children to share, act kindly, and help others. Prosocial behaviors are often seen as being compelled by a number of factors including egoistic reasons (doing things to improve one's self-image), reciprocal benefits (doing something nice for someone so that they may one day return the favor), and more altruistic reasons (performing actions purely out of empathy for another individual).

        Characteristics of the situation can also have a powerful impact on whether or not people engage in prosocial actions. The bystander effect is one of the most notable examples of how the situation can impact helping behaviors. The bystander effect refers to the tendency for people to become less likely to assist a person in distress when there are a number of other people also present. For example, if you drop your purse and several items fall out on the ground, the likelihood that someone will stop and help you decreases if there are many other people present. This same sort of thing can happen in cases where someone is in serious danger, such as when someone is involved in a car accident. In some cases, witnesses might assume that since there are so many other people present, someone else will have surely already called for help.

        Why do people help in some situations but not in others? Experts have discovered a number of different situational variables that contribute to (and sometimes interfere with) prosocial behaviors. First, the more people that are present decreases the amount of personal responsibility people feel in a situation. People also tend to look to others for how to respond in such situations, particularly if the event contains some level of ambiguity. Fear of being judged by other members of the group also plays a role. People sometimes fear leaping to assistance, only to discover that their help was unwanted or unwarranted. In order to avoid being judged by other bystanders, people simply take no action.

        Experts have suggested that some key things must happen in order for a person to take action.

What does the underlined word “distress” in the fourth paragraph mean?

                                D

        In many countries, schools have long summer holidays, with shorter holidays in between. However, a new report suggests shortening school holidays to stop children forgetting what they have learnt during the long summer break. Instead of three school terms, it says, there should be five eight-week terms. And there should be just four weeks off in the summer, with a two-week break between the other terms.

        Sonia Montero has two children at primary school and works full-time. She supports the idea. “The kids,” she says, “have much longer holidays than me and I can’t afford to take several weeks off work, so I need someone to take care of them. But nobody wants the work in the summer months — they all have holidays of their own.”

        Not surprisingly, some young people disagree. Student Jason Panos says “It’s a stupid idea. I would hate staying at school in the summer. It’s unfair, too. The people who suggest this had long school holidays when they were young, but now they want to stop us enjoying the summer. The kids in Spain and America have much longer holidays than here, but they don’t forget everything they’ve learnt in a few months.”

        Nadia Salib agrees. “Sure,” she says, “the first week at school after the summer is never easy, but you soon get back into it. The real problem round here is that kids get bored after so many weeks out of school, and then some of them start causing trouble. But the answer is to give them something to do, not make everyone stay in school longer.”

Why is Sonia in support of shorter school holidays?

                                C

        Prosocial behaviors are those intended to help other people. Behaviors that can be described as prosocial include feeling empathy(同感) and concern for others and behaving in ways to help or benefit other people.

        Prosocial behavior has long posed a challenge to social scientists seeking to understand why people engage in helping behaviors that are beneficial to others, but costly to the individual performing the action. Why would people do something that benefits someone else but offers no immediate benefit to the doer?

        Psychologists suggest that there are a number of reasons why people engage in prosocial behavior. In many cases, such behaviors are fostered during childhood and adolescence as adults encourage children to share, act kindly, and help others. Prosocial behaviors are often seen as being compelled by a number of factors including egoistic reasons (doing things to improve one's self-image), reciprocal benefits (doing something nice for someone so that they may one day return the favor), and more altruistic reasons (performing actions purely out of empathy for another individual).

        Characteristics of the situation can also have a powerful impact on whether or not people engage in prosocial actions. The bystander effect is one of the most notable examples of how the situation can impact helping behaviors. The bystander effect refers to the tendency for people to become less likely to assist a person in distress when there are a number of other people also present. For example, if you drop your purse and several items fall out on the ground, the likelihood that someone will stop and help you decreases if there are many other people present. This same sort of thing can happen in cases where someone is in serious danger, such as when someone is involved in a car accident. In some cases, witnesses might assume that since there are so many other people present, someone else will have surely already called for help.

        Why do people help in some situations but not in others? Experts have discovered a number of different situational variables that contribute to (and sometimes interfere with) prosocial behaviors. First, the more people that are present decreases the amount of personal responsibility people feel in a situation. People also tend to look to others for how to respond in such situations, particularly if the event contains some level of ambiguity. Fear of being judged by other members of the group also plays a role. People sometimes fear leaping to assistance, only to discover that their help was unwanted or unwarranted. In order to avoid being judged by other bystanders, people simply take no action.

        Experts have suggested that some key things must happen in order for a person to take action.

Prosocial behaviors are motivated for all the following reasons EXCEPT ________.

                                C

        Prosocial behaviors are those intended to help other people. Behaviors that can be described as prosocial include feeling empathy(同感) and concern for others and behaving in ways to help or benefit other people.

        Prosocial behavior has long posed a challenge to social scientists seeking to understand why people engage in helping behaviors that are beneficial to others, but costly to the individual performing the action. Why would people do something that benefits someone else but offers no immediate benefit to the doer?

        Psychologists suggest that there are a number of reasons why people engage in prosocial behavior. In many cases, such behaviors are fostered during childhood and adolescence as adults encourage children to share, act kindly, and help others. Prosocial behaviors are often seen as being compelled by a number of factors including egoistic reasons (doing things to improve one's self-image), reciprocal benefits (doing something nice for someone so that they may one day return the favor), and more altruistic reasons (performing actions purely out of empathy for another individual).

        Characteristics of the situation can also have a powerful impact on whether or not people engage in prosocial actions. The bystander effect is one of the most notable examples of how the situation can impact helping behaviors. The bystander effect refers to the tendency for people to become less likely to assist a person in distress when there are a number of other people also present. For example, if you drop your purse and several items fall out on the ground, the likelihood that someone will stop and help you decreases if there are many other people present. This same sort of thing can happen in cases where someone is in serious danger, such as when someone is involved in a car accident. In some cases, witnesses might assume that since there are so many other people present, someone else will have surely already called for help.

        Why do people help in some situations but not in others? Experts have discovered a number of different situational variables that contribute to (and sometimes interfere with) prosocial behaviors. First, the more people that are present decreases the amount of personal responsibility people feel in a situation. People also tend to look to others for how to respond in such situations, particularly if the event contains some level of ambiguity. Fear of being judged by other members of the group also plays a role. People sometimes fear leaping to assistance, only to discover that their help was unwanted or unwarranted. In order to avoid being judged by other bystanders, people simply take no action.

        Experts have suggested that some key things must happen in order for a person to take action.

After the last paragraph, the most possible topic could be ________.

                                D

        In many countries, schools have long summer holidays, with shorter holidays in between. However, a new report suggests shortening school holidays to stop children forgetting what they have learnt during the long summer break. Instead of three school terms, it says, there should be five eight-week terms. And there should be just four weeks off in the summer, with a two-week break between the other terms.

        Sonia Montero has two children at primary school and works full-time. She supports the idea. “The kids,” she says, “have much longer holidays than me and I can’t afford to take several weeks off work, so I need someone to take care of them. But nobody wants the work in the summer months — they all have holidays of their own.”

        Not surprisingly, some young people disagree. Student Jason Panos says “It’s a stupid idea. I would hate staying at school in the summer. It’s unfair, too. The people who suggest this had long school holidays when they were young, but now they want to stop us enjoying the summer. The kids in Spain and America have much longer holidays than here, but they don’t forget everything they’ve learnt in a few months.”

        Nadia Salib agrees. “Sure,” she says, “the first week at school after the summer is never easy, but you soon get back into it. The real problem round here is that kids get bored after so many weeks out of school, and then some of them start causing trouble. But the answer is to give them something to do, not make everyone stay in school longer.”

What does Nadia say about young people on summer holidays?