- 真题试卷
- 模拟试卷
- 预测试卷
21. The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
正确答案
解析
句意：正如报道的那样，吸烟者人数仅（过去）一年就减少了17%。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。而which只能置于句末，故选D项。
考查方向
解题思路
分析句子结构，发现考查的是as引导的非限制性定语从句
易错点
对非限制性定语从句关系代词which，as的用法不够了解。
22. Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _____ their greatest potential.
正确答案
解析
学校应该是鼓励个体最大限度地发展潜能的地方。A项“加速，加快”；B项“改善，提高”；C项“表现”；D项“发展”。故选D项。 考点：动词词义辨析
考查方向
解题思路
掌握句子意思和动词的基本用法
易错点
对动词词义掌握不够牢固。
27. The university started some new language programs to _____ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.
正确答案
解析
句意：这所大学启动了一些新的语言项目，来迎合国家丝绸之路经济带。A项“向…申请，适用于…”；B项“迎合，满足…的需要”， C项“对…有吸引力，
呼吁”；D项“猎取，寻找”。故选B项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握句子意思和常见动词短语用法。
易错点
对动词短语意思掌握不够牢固。
28. It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
正确答案
解析
句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。
考查方向
解题思路
分析句子结构可知主句是对过去的虚拟。
易错点
对虚拟语气了解不够准确。
29. The whole team _____ Cristiano Ronaldo , and he seldom lets them down.
正确答案
解析
句意：全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多，他从未让他们失望。A项“服侍，等待”；B项“关注”；C项“指望”；D项“呼吁，拜访”。故选C项。 考点：动词短语辨析
考查方向
解题思路
掌握句子意思和常见动词短语用法。
易错点
对动词短语意思掌握不够牢固。
32. Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
正确答案
解析
句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。 考点：名词词义辨析
考查方向
解题思路
掌握句子意思和常见名词用法。
易错点
对名词词义了解不够准确
23. —Jim, can you work this Sunday?
—________? I’ve been working for two weeks on end.
正确答案
解析
句意：—吉姆，周末你能加班吗？—为什么是我？我连续工作两周了。A项“为什么是我？”；B项“为什么不呢?”表示同意；C项“要是……会怎样?”；D项“那又怎么样?”表示不在乎。只有A项符合语境。故选A项。 考点：交际用语
考查方向
解题思路
掌握句子意思和交际用语的基本用法。
易错点
对交际用语掌握不够准确。
24. Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
正确答案
解析
句意：上班族们坐在办公桌前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握句子意思和独立主格结构。
易错点
对独立主格结构掌握不够牢固，非谓语时态不明。
25. _____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
正确答案
解析
句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实。比较选项只有where符合句意，where在从句中做地点状语。故选C项。
考查方向
解题思路
分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语，is前面是主语从句。
易错点
对名词性从句了解不够准确。
26. It is so cold that you can’t go outside _____ fully covered in thick clothes.
正确答案
解析
句意：外面太冷了，你不要出去，除非用厚衣服完全裹起来。A项“如果”；B项“除非”；C项“一旦”；D项“当…时候”。“unless fully covered”为“连词+省略结构”， 补充完整为“unless you are”。故选B项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握句子意思和连词词义及基本用法。
易错点
对连词词义及用法掌握不够准确。
31. The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _______ review of the case.
正确答案
解析
句意：警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。A项“综合的，全面的，有理解力的”；B项“复杂的”；C项“有意识的”；D项“至关重要的”。故选A项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握句子意思和常见形容词用法。
易错点
对形容词词义掌握不够牢固。
34. Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _______ Thomas Edison.
正确答案
解析
句意：要不是爱迪生的发明，今天我们身边享用的很多东西都将不复存在。根据would not be ，而且是now 。说明用了虚拟语气。A项“多亏了”；B项“不管，不顾”；C项“除了”；D项“要不是”，常用于虚拟条件句。故选D项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握句子意思和常见介词短语用法。
易错点
对介词短语意思掌握不够牢固。
35. —Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .
正确答案
解析
句意：—戴夫，去跟你的妈妈道歉。—我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”；B项“借口”；C项“道歉”；D项“遗憾，后悔”。故选C项。 考点：
考查方向
解题思路
掌握句子意思和常见名词词义。
易错点
对名词词义了解不够准确。
30. The real reason why prices ____ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
正确答案
解析
句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意。根据题干中“and still are”可知过去价格也很高，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。故选A项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握句子意思和动词时态用法。
易错点
过去时和现在完成时的区别
33. —Why didn’t you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he’s _______ .
正确答案
解析
句意：—为什么你没有邀请约翰出席你的生日聚会？—你知道的，他是个令人扫兴的人。A项“早起的鸟儿（比喻勤劳的人）”；B项“扫兴的人或物”；C项“幸运
儿”；D项“棘手的事情，难对付的人”。故选B项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握句子意思和常见英语俗语的用法。
易错点
对英语俗语了解不够准确。
请阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项
（A）
56. According to the Code, visitors should act _______ .
57. What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?
正确答案
解析
纵观全文可知，本文介绍了去新西兰旅游中的注意事项，根据关键词“Be considerate，be careful，take care”等可推知游客的行为应体现出关爱和尊重。故选A项。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
对文章意思理解不够准确，不能够根据已知信息有效推断。
正确答案
解析
根据小标题“Keep to the track”下内容可知，可知在新西兰旅游时，为了减少破坏植物的可能，鼓励游客顺着路走。露营设施是提供好的，排除A项；B项偷换主体，埋藏的是toilet waste，而非glass；D项偷换概念，observe no smoking signs，而非observe signs to approach nesting birds。故选C项。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
对文章意思理解不够准确，不能够准确的进行信息定位。
（D）
Freedom and Responsibility
Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.
In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert. The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.
But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian’ s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.
Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.
But, “the excellent becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.
65. What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
66. People believing in freedom are those who________ .
67. What change in attitude took place in Athens?
68. What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?
69. Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?
70. What is the author’s understanding of freedom?
正确答案
解析
根据划线单词所在句子后半句“one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses”可知tyrannies是拥有绝对统治权的政府。故选D项。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
对文章意思理解不够准确，不能够根据已知信息有效推断。
正确答案
解析
根据第三段And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. 和The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled.内容可知答案选C项。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
对文章意思理解不够准确，不能够准确的进行信息定位。
正确答案
解析
根据第四段Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing.可知，雅典人后来态度发生了转变，他们开始认为政府应该为他们的劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，而忽视了个人的自律和责任意识。故选A项。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
对文章意思理解不够准确，不能够准确的进行信息定位。
正确答案
解析
根据第五段第三句“If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free”可知如果雅典人坚持免除对自立和共同利益的责任，唯一的结果就是雅典人不再享有自由。故选B项
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
对文章意思理解不够准确，不能够根据已知信息有效推断。
正确答案
解析
根据最后一段第二句“Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world”及“Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it.”可知作者并没有因此而失去信心，相反对自由充满了希望。故选A项。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
对文章意思理解不够准确，不能够根据已知信息有效推断。
正确答案
解析
作者通过雅典人对自由态度变化的对比，得出自由需要责任的保证这一结论。故选D项。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
对文章意思理解不够准确，不能够根据已知信息有效推断。
（B）
In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration (含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.
Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution, and use of products — as well as management of the resulting waste — all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start — for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.
In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?
Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫) that encased your television?
From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.
58. By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that _________ .
59. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended_________ .
60. What does the passage mainly talk about?
正确答案
解析
根据第二段，电子设备中含有有用的金属，如金和银，并且Swiss study报告中说电子垃圾中所含的矿比自然矿的含量还大，因此可以推知电子垃圾值得充分利用。故选B项。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
对文章意思理解不够准确，不能够根据已知信息有效推断。
正确答案
解析
根据文章最后一段“a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the cost and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.”可知B项正确，故选B项。
考查方向
细节理解题。
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
对文章意思理解不够准确，不能够准确的进行信息定位。
正确答案
解析
纵观全文文章先描述了废弃电子产品被随意丢弃这一现象，接着指出电子垃圾的可利用价值和潜在风险，主要是由于对废弃电子产品的管理不善造成的，最后呼吁政府和生产商对此承担一定的责任。故选D项。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的归纳整合，得出文章主旨大意。
易错点
对文章意思理解不够准确，不能够准确的归纳总结文章的大体意思。
（C）
Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.”Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.
61. People volunteer mainly out of ______ .
62. What can we learn from the Florida study?
63. What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?
64. What is the best title of the passage?
正确答案
解析
根据文章第二段第二句话people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships.这句话用了三个不定式表示目的，所以人们做志愿者工作的原因为“to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences and to develop social relationshipscipate.”，满足自己的内在需求，可知答案为D项。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
对文章意思理解不够准确，不能够准确的进行信息定位。
正确答案
解析
根据第四段最后一句中
“training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”可知志愿者应从心理上做好充分的准备。故选B项。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
对文章意思理解不够准确，不能够根据已知信息有效推断。
正确答案
解析
根据第五段第二句中“those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work”可知志愿者身份认同会激励他们继续从事志愿者工作。故选C项。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
对文章意思理解不够准确，不能够准确的进行信息定位。
正确答案
解析
文章第一段是总括性段落，第一段提出to Get People to Volunteer 必须知道why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.以后文章围绕这两个问题展开。所以得出答案为A。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行归纳整合，得出文章的主旨大意。
易错点
对文章意思理解不够准确，不能够准确的归纳总结文章的大体意思。
【分还在】20
请阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel’s books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on. The stories of his unconventional 36 and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so 37 to me and had such a big 38 on how I saw life from then on. Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to 39 my own cancer experience?
I’m an ambitious 40, and when I started going through chemo (化疗) , even though I ’m a very 41 person, I lost my drive to write. I was just too tired and not in the 42 . One day , while waiting to go in for 43 , I had one of Dr. Bernie’s books in my hand. Another patient 44 what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me 45 he had one of his books with him as well. It 46 that among other things, he was an eighty-year-old writer. He was47 a published author, and he was currently 48 on a new book.
We would see each other at various times and 49 friends. Sometimes he wore a duck hat, and I would tell myself, he was definitely a(n) 50 of Dr. Bernie. He really put a 51 on my face. He unfortunately 52last year due to his cancer, 53 he left a deep impression on me and gave me the 54 to pick up my pen again. I 55 t o myself, “If he can do it, then so can I.”
36.
37.
38.
39 .
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
正确答案
解析
根据首段首句可知，作者读了Bernie Siegel的书，深受书中积极人生观的影响。此处unconventional ideas意为“非传统的观点”与上句中“积极的人生观”呼应。A项“口味”；B项“观点”；C项“笔记”；D项“记忆”。故选B项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对名词了解不够准确。
正确答案
解析
根据上文中“unconventional(非传统的)”和“unexceptional(例外的)”提示可知，他书中所写的东西对我来说是令人吃惊的。A项“令人惊讶的”；B项“令人震惊的”；C项“有趣的”；D项“奇怪的”。故选A项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对形容词了解不够准确。
正确答案
解析
have an impact on为固定搭配，意为“对…有影响”。A项“击打，
罢工”；B项“推，逼迫”；C项“挑战”；D项“影响”。故选D项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对名词了解不够准确
正确答案
解析
根据上文可知，Bernie Siegel积极的人生观对作者有很大的影响，但是不知道多年之后，自己患有癌症，Bernie Siege的影响会帮助自己度过同癌症抗争的艰难时期。A项“向某人学习”；B项“复习，仔细检查”；C项“渡过难关”；D项“提及，参考”。故选C项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对动词短语了解不够准确。
正确答案
解析
根据下文中“…, I lost my drive to write”可知，作者是一名抱负的作家。A项“读者”；B项“作家”；C项“编辑”；D项“医生”。故选B项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对名词词义了解不够准确，未结合上下文。
正确答案
解析
句意：尽管我是一个积极的人，还是失去了写作的动力。根据信息
词even though ， 与lost my drive to write构成让步关系，可知我是一个积极的人。 A项“积极的”；B项“称心如意的”；C项“幽默的”；D项“诚实的”。故选A项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对名词词义了解不够准确，未结合上下文。
正确答案
解析
句意：我就是感觉太累，没有心情去写。in the mood意为“没有心情去做
事”。A项“心情”；B项“位置，职位”；C项“状态”；D项“方式”。故选A项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对名词词义掌握不够准确。
正确答案
解析
句意：一天，当我在等待治疗时，手里拿着Bernie的一本书。A项“建
议”；B项“提及，参考”；C项“保护”；D项“治疗”。故选D项
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对名词词义掌握不够准确
正确答案
解析
句意：另外一个病人注意到我在读些什么，主动跟我攀谈起来。A项 “认
为”；B项“知道，了解”；C项 “（无意中）注意到”；D项 “想知道”。故选C项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对动词词义掌握不够牢固。
正确答案
解析
根据上文另外一个病人注意到我在读些什么，主动跟我攀谈起来，因为他身上也有一本Bernie的书。A项表示时间或轻微转折；B项表示原因；C项表示让步；D项表示条件。故选B项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对连词用法掌握不够牢固。
正确答案
解析
考查动词短语。it turned out that是固定搭配，意为“结果是…，结果证明…”。随着两人的交谈，结果知道他是一位八十岁的作家。所以选D。A项 “出现，出
版”；B项“锻炼，解决，制定”；C项“证明是合适的，令人满意的”；D项“证明是，结果是”。
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
正确答案
解析
句意：事实上，他是一位作家，目前在写一本新书。A项 “自然地”；B项“仅仅”；C项“有希望地”；D项“事实上”。故选D项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对副词词义掌握不够准确。
正确答案
解析
根据句意可知，他目前在写一本新书。A项 decide on“决定，确定”；B项invest on“投资”；C项work on“从事，忙于”；D项rely on“依赖，依靠”。故选C项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对动词短语了解不够准确。
正确答案
解析
句意：我们总是在许多时候见到对方，成了朋友。A项 “成为”；B项“帮
助”；C项“错过”；D项“拜访”。故选A项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对动词词义掌握不够准确。
正确答案
解析
要搞清楚文中三个人物的关系，就会知道这个病人是确是Bernie的粉丝。A项 “病人”；B项“操作员，接线员”；C项“粉丝”；D项“出版商”。故选C项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对名词词义掌握不够准确。
正确答案
解析
根据句意可知，他的行为触动了我，使我在生活中面带微笑。A项 “标志，迹象，征兆”；B项“微笑”；C项“标记”；D项“面罩”。故选B项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对名词词义掌握不够准确。
正确答案
解析
句意：他去年由于癌症不幸死亡，但给我留下了深刻的印象。A项 “出现，露面”；B项“出发，动身”；C项“跌倒”；D项“去世”。故选D项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对动词短语了解不够准确
正确答案
解析
句意：他由于癌症不幸死亡，但给我留下了深刻的印象。A项表示时间；B项表示转折；C项表示结果；D项表示原因。故选B项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对连词用法掌握不够准确。
正确答案
解析
句意：他激励我重新拿起笔。A项 “指导”；B项“信任”；C项“机会”；D项“鼓舞，激励，启发”。故选D项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对名词词义掌握不够准确
正确答案
解析
句意：我对自己说：“如果他能做到，我也能。”A项 “承诺”；B项“发
誓”；C项think to oneself “自言自语”；D项“回答”。故选C项。
考查方向
解题思路
掌握语境和上下文的基本意思。
易错点
对名词词义掌握不够准确
请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意: 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 每个空格只填一个单词。
People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is
related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle.
For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.
In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of
crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed
reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science,
education, and health.
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience
without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his
head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh
understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.
News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to
tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.
For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a
sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A
coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A
politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the
delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or
divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.
正确答案
rewards/rewarded
解析
根据“People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds.”可知此处填rewards/rewarded“得到回报，被奖励”。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
未能充分理解文章内容，对信息定位失误。
正确答案
Explanations
解析
文章二、三、四段是对“immediate reward(即时回报) ”和“delayed reward(迟来的回报)”的解释。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
未能充分理解文章内容，对信息定位失误。
正确答案
involvement
解析
根据第三段第二句“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.”可知此处填involvement“参与”。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
未能充分理解文章内容，对信息转换失误。
正确答案
share
解析
根据第三段中“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, and laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.”可知读者会将自己和新闻故事中发生的事紧紧联系在一起，和参与者有相似的感受。因此此处填share“同样有”。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
未能充分理解文章内容，对信息归纳失误。
正确答案
threat
解析
根据第四段中“It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance -as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of ‘threat value.’”可知此处填threat“威胁”。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
未能充分理解文章内容，对信息定位失误。
正确答案
prepare
解析
根据第四段中“It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.”可知此处填prepare，与后面介词for搭配“为…做准备”。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
未能充分理解文章内容，对信息转换失误。
正确答案
withdraw
解析
根据第四段中“When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.”可知此处填withdraw“退出，离开”。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
未能充分理解文章内容，对信息定位失误。
正确答案
profession(s)/intention
解析
根据最后一段中“For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party.”可知读者对新闻故事的期待很大程度上受他们职业的影响。此处填profession(s)“职业”或intention“意图，动机”。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
未能充分理解文章内容，对信息归纳失误。
正确答案
adapt
解析
根据第四段中“When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.”可知此处填adapt“使适应”。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
未能充分理解文章内容，对信息定位失误。
正确答案
depends
解析
根据最后一段中“while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.”可知这一分类取决于读者个体。此处填depends，和后面的介词on搭配“取决于”。
考查方向
解题思路
理解文章内容，对信息进行有效的理解和定位，做到选择有理，排除有据。
易错点
未能充分理解文章内容，对信息定位失误。
81.请阅读下面文字及图表,并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章. 第五部分: 书面表达
[写作内容]1. 用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容;2. 结合上述信息,简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因;3. 根据你的分析,从社会规范(rules and regulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。
[写作要求]1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句; 2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;3. 不必写标题。
[评分标准]
内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。
正确答案
参考范文：One possible version
The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten people's lives. The three selections presented above are typical examples.
Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem. In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. What's worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.www.2abc8.com
In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them, people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone don't secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. It is everybody's duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track.
解析
文章就交通问题进行了讨论，应该使用一般现在时态，第三人称。至少两个要点：人们不遵守交通规则；私家车数量增加对交通的影响。参考词汇：not only…but also…,without , it is…that…, affect.
考查方向
解题思路
第一段文字的信息给出了话题“交通问题影响了人们的生活”第二段文字和第三段分别给出了造成问题的原因。
易错点
要点不全，时态错位，文章脱节，单词拼写错误，句式错误。