英语 热门试卷

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

One day a professor entered the classroom and told the students about a surprise test. After hearing that, all students __21_ __ (seat) and waited for the test to begin. The professor gave the test papers to all students with the text __22_ __ (face) down at the desk. Once he handed out the test papers to all students, he asked them to turn the test pages and begin.

Students’ were confused to see there was not a question __23_ __ just a black dot in the center of the page. The professor noticed the students’ face expression and told them, “I want you to write about what you see there.”

The students were __24____ (confused) but started the test by then. At the end of the class, the professor took all answer sheets and started reading each answer in front of all students. All of them described about the black dot, __25_ __ position they tried to explain. After the professor finished reading, the whole class was silent.

The professor explained, “Don’t worry. I am not going to give you grades but I just want you to think about something. Here __26_ __ focused on the black dot but no one wrote about the white paper, and the same is with our lives. The white paper represents our whole life and the black spot represents problems in our life. __27_ __ our life is a gift given to us by God, with love and care, we have every reason to celebrate. Still we just focus on problems like health issues, problems in relationships etc., but we never see these problems are very small compared with __28_ __ we have in our lives.”

So there is the moral lesson: we __29_ __ try to take eyes off our problems and enjoy each moment that life __30_ __ (give) us. Be happy and live the life positively.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了一位教授给学生们进行了一场特殊的考试，试卷上只有一个黑点。学生们的回答都是在描述黑点，而没有描写白纸的。教授通过这次考试，告诉大家一个道理：不要过度夸张生活中的困难，要学会尽情享受生活。

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Have you ever watched a television show or a movie and felt like you were watching a really long commercial? If so, then you’ve fallen __31_ __ to bad product placement (产品植入). Clever marketing folks want their products to be __32_ __ within a scene, but not the focus. When done correctly, product placement can add a sense of realism to a movie or television show.

Product placement __33_ __ from as early as 1950s when a drinks company paid to have a character in the movie The African Queen toss loads of their product overboard. Since then, there have been countless placements in thousands of movies.

Sometimes product placement just happens. A set dresser (布景人员) might think of something that __34_ __ the level of credibility or realism of the story. One example is the use of a can of ant killer in a violent fight scene in the popular television programme The Sopranos. A spokeswoman for the manufacturer said if the company had not been __35_ __ about the use of their product, they would not have given it a thumbs-up.

Arranged product placement deals are more prevailing. The most common type is a simple exchange of the product for the placement. A deal is made; in exchange for the airtime, the cast and crew are provided with a(n) __36_ __ supply of the company's products.

Sometimes, a gift of the product isn’t an appropriate form of compensation, so the deal __37_ __ with money works well. Someone from a manufacturer’s marketing team hears about a movie project, and approaches the set dresser with a(n) __38_ __ attractive proposal. They come to an agreement, and the product makes a number of __39_ __ casual appearances. Both teams are happy.

Before product placement really saw a rapid growth in the mid-1980s, it was pretty much a do-it-yourself __40_ __. Now there are entire agencies that can handle the job. Some larger corporations will dedicate personnel to seek out opportunities for placement within films, television shows — even games and music.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了电视里产品植入的情况。

A. approached

B. generous

C. financially

D. effort

E. dates

F. victim

G. closed

H. substituting

I. boosts

J. visible

K. seemingly

(B)

The following safety risks may result in serious injury or death to the user of the MINI Cooper S:

● This product contains small parts that are for adult assembly (组装) only. Keep small children away when assembling. Remove all protective materials before assembly. Be sure to remove all packaging materials and parts from underneath the car body.

● Battery posts contain lead known to the state of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Never open the battery.

● Body parts such as hands, legs, hair and clothing can get caught in moving parts. Never place a body part near a moving part or wear loose clothing while using the vehicle. Always wear shoes when using the vehicle.

● Using the vehicle near streets, motor vehicles, drop-offs such as steps, water (swimming pools) or other bodies of water, hills, wet areas, in small lanes, at night or in the dark could result in an unexpected accident. Instead, use the vehicle on the highway. Always use the vehicle in a safe, secure environment.

● Using the vehicle in unsafe conditions such as snow, rain, loose dirt, mud, or sand may result in unexpected action, for example tip over.

● Using the vehicle in an unsafe manner. Examples include but are not limited to:

·Pulling the vehicle with another vehicle or similar device

·Allowing more than two riders

·Pushing the user from the back

·Traveling at an unsafe speed

● Always use common sense and safe practices when using the vehicle.

● Store the vehicle indoors or cover it to protect it from weather. Water will damage the motor, electric system, and battery.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者讲述了MINI Cooper S使用者为了避免伤亡要注意的安全

风险问题。

(C)

In a land swept by typhoons and shaken by earthquakes, how have Japan’s tallest and seemingly most breakable old buildings — 500 or so wooden pagodas, tower-shaped buildings — remained standing for centuries? Japanese scholars have been confused for ages about their stability.

For centuries, many attributed the resilience (抗震性) of pagodas to the massive trunk-like central columns known as shinbashira, which bends and swings during a typhoon or earthquake, just like a tall tree. But the amazing thing is that the shinbashira actually does not carry any load at all but is suspended from the top of the pagoda — hanging loosely down through the middle of the building. The weight of the building is supported entirely by twelve outer and four inner columns.

And what is the role of the shinbashira, the central column? The best way to understand the shinbashira’s role is to watch a video made by Shuzo Ishida, a structural engineer at Kyoto Institute of Technology. Mr. Ishida, known to his students as “Professor Pagoda” has built a series of models and tested them on a “shake-table” in his laboratory. In short, the shinbashira was acting like an enormous pendulum (钟摆). Under pressure, a pagoda’s loose floors could be made to slide back and forth independently. Viewed from the side, the pagoda seemed to be doing a snake dance — with each floor moving in the opposite direction to its neighbours above and below. The shinbashira, running up through a hole in the centre of the building, made it unlikely that individual storeys moved too far because, after moving a certain distance, they banged into it, passing on energy away along the column.

Another strange feature of the Japanese pagoda is that, because of the building tapers (锥形), with each floor plan being smaller than the one below, none of the vertical (垂直的) columns that carry the weight of the building is connected to its corresponding column above. In other words, a five-storey pagoda contains not even one column that travels right up through the building. More surprising is the fact that the individual storeys of a Japanese pagoda are not actually connected to each other. They are simply stacked one on top of another like a pile of hats.

The extra-wide eaves (屋檐) also play a part. Think of them as a balancing pole of tightrope-walkers. The bigger the mass at each end of the pole, the easier it is for the tightrope walker to maintain his balance. The same holds true for a pagoda. With the eaves extending out on all sides like balancing poles, the building responds to even the most powerful earthquake with a graceful swinging, never an abrupt shaking.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者讲述了不倒塔的原理结构。

71. Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Last year my company was bought by a large corporation and most of the managers lost their jobs. That was when I decided to do something I’d always wanted to do — become a freelance writer (自由作家). Changing professions has meant that my lifestyle has changed in a number of ways.

I work about as much as I did before — between 45 and 50 hours a week — but my schedule is much less fixed than it used to be. Before, I worked from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. every day, with a few extra hours on weekends. Now, however, I work when I feel like it. For instance, sometimes I work until midnight or 2 a.m., then sleep until noon. I really prefer this kind of schedule.

While I was working as a manager, I never exercised. I already felt tired after work, so I just came home in the evening and watched TV. However, last year I joined a health club and began to do regular exercise. As a result I have lost over 10 pounds and I feel much better. I’ve also started to eat more healthfully. I used to eat a lot of fast food, but now I do my own shopping. I buy lots of fruits and vegetables and cook them at home.

Of course, not all the changes have been that easy. For example, I don’t feel as safe financially as I used to. When I was working as a manager, I never worried much about money. I could always count on getting my paycheck every two weeks. Working freelance, I don’t have a regular paycheck. So now I have to make sure that there’s enough money until the next check arrives.

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Traditionally uniforms were manufactured to protect the worker. When they were first designed, it is also likely that all uniforms made symbolic sense — those for the military, for example, were originally __41_ __ to impress and even terrify the enemy; other uniforms indicated a distinction in __42_ __ — chefs wore white because they worked with flour, but the main chef wore a black hat to show he inspected and supervised.

The last 30 years, however, have seen an increasing __43_ __ on their role in mirroring the image of an organization and in uniting the workforce, particularly in “customer facing” industries. From uniforms and workwear has emerged “__44_ __ clothing”. “The people you employ are your ambassadors (大使),” says Peter Griffin, managing director of a major retailer in the UK. “What they say, how they look, and how they behave is of vital importance.” From being a simple means of __45_ __ who is a member of staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketing communication.

Truly effective marketing through __46_ __ images such as uniforms is a subtle art, however. How we look sends all sorts of powerful messages to other people. Dark colours give a sense of __47_ __ while lighter colour shades suggest approachability. Certain dress style creates a sense of conservatism (守旧), while others a sense of __48_ __ to new ideas. If the company is selling quality, then it must have quality uniforms. If it is selling style, its uniforms must be stylish. If it wants to appear __49_ __, everybody can’t look exactly the same.

But turning corporate philosophies into the right combination of colour, style, degree of branding and uniformity is not always __50_ __. According to Company Clothing magazine, there are 1000 companies supplying the workwear and corporate clothing market. Of these, 22 __51_ __ for 85% of total sales — £380 million in 1994.

A successful uniform needs to __52_ __ two key sets of needs. On the one hand, no uniform will work if staff feel uncomfortable or ugly. On the other hand, it is __53_ __ if the look doesn’t express the business’s marketing strategy. The greatest challenge in this respect is time. When it comes to human awareness, first impressions count. Customers will assess the way staff look in just a few seconds, and that few seconds will __54_ __ their attitudes from then on. Those few seconds can be so important that big companies are prepared to __55_ __ years, and millions of pounds, getting them right.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者讲述了制服的发展。

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

St Kilda is a tiny archipelago (群岛) of the North Atlantic Ocean. The islands are among the most spectacular, but the greatest fascination is that, for over a thousand years, people lived there and possessed a sense of community. Cut off from the mainland, the islanders had a distinct way of living their lives, mainly eating the seabirds that returned to breed on the rocks.

Isolation also had a big effect upon St Kildas’ attitudes and ideas. The people sacrificed themselves year in and year out, in a constant battle to secure a livelihood. In such harsh conditions, life was only possible because the whole community worked together.

In the 19th century St Kilda was subject to pressures from the outside world. Education, religion and tourism all attempted to throw the St Kildans’ way of life into doubt. In the early 20th century, the strength of the community became weakened as contact with the rest of Britain increased. When disease cut their numbers, and wind and sea made it difficult to get adequate food, the St Kildans were forced to turn to the mainland for assistance.

In 1930, the St Kildans finally agreed to abandon their homes. They settled on the Scottish mainland, not realizing it meant throwing themselves into the 20th century. As adults, they had to accept those values most Scots believe in. For instance, the islanders found it difficult to base their existence upon money. They had never lived in a world where they bought goods and services from each other.

The islanders showed themselves indifferent to the jobs they were given on the mainland. The labours asked of them were unskilled compared with the spectacular skills they had once performed in order to kill seabirds. Moreover, killing birds had once provided the community with food to survive. On the mainland, however, the tasks they were asked to perform did not provide them immediately with what was needed to keep them fed and warm.

The history of the St Kildans after the evacuation (撤离), of their inability and lack of resolution to fit into urban society, makes sad reading. When they were resettled on the mainland, the St Kildans were forced to live in a society whose values were unacceptable and incomprehensible to the majority of them. For many, the move was a tragedy.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者讲述了St Kildans以前过着独居生活，和现代生活完全格格不入，后来搬入苏格兰，被迫要求融入那里的生活，对很多人来说，这就是个悲剧。

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Why should mankind explore space? Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What prompted our distant ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? _____67 _ _____. The wider the distribution of a species, the better its chance of survival.

Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be located. Additional resources are always beneficial when used wisely, and can increase our chances of survival. Knowledge or techniques acquired through exploration, or preparing to explore, filter from the developers into society at large. _____68 _ _____. Also, we have already benefited from other by-products, including improvements in earthquake prediction — which has saved many lives — in satellites used for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick saucepans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the space industry!

_____69 _ _____. The chances of a large comet (彗星) hitting the Earth are small, but it could happen in time. Such strikes in the past may account for the extinction of dinosaurs and other species. Human technology is reaching the point where it might be able to detect the possibility of this happening, and enable us to minimize the damage, or prevent it completely, allowing us as a species to avoid extinction.

In certain circumstances, life on Earth may become impossible: over-population or wide spread diseases, for instance, might eventually force us to find other places to live. While the earth is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to inhabit other planets and moons. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. _____70 _ _____.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者讲述了地球环境和人类的关系。

A. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives.

B. Space allows us to expand and succeed: for the sake of everyone on the earth, now and in the future, space exploration is essential.

C. The mysterious space objects varying in size have been fascinated scientists and scholars for years.

D. It appears that we are driven to ensure the success and continuation of not just our own genes, but of the species as a whole.

E. Therefore it still poses a problem for us human beings whether to explore the space at the cost of our own homelands

F. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers.